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JavaScript

What is a Maximum call stack size exceeded?

← Errors

This RangeError is thrown in JavaScript when the call stack overflows because too many function calls are nested without returning. Each function call adds a frame to the stack, and the engine imposes a limit to prevent uncontrolled memory growth.

Why it happens

  • •A recursive function that lacks a base case and calls itself indefinitely.
  • •Two functions that call each other in a cycle with no exit condition.
  • •An event handler that accidentally re-triggers the same event, causing an infinite loop of calls.
  • •Deeply nested promise chains or synchronous callbacks that build up frames.

Examples

JavaScript

Code that triggers the error

function countDown(n) {
  console.log(n);
  countDown(n - 1);  // no base case
}

countDown(5);

Error output

5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
...
RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded

How to fix it

Add a base case to every recursive function and verify that every execution path eventually reaches it. Convert deep recursion to an iterative loop with an explicit stack data structure. Use setTimeout or queueMicrotask to break synchronous call chains and yield control back to the engine.

Fixed code

function countDown(n) {
  if (n < 0) return;   // base case stops recursion
  console.log(n);
  countDown(n - 1);
}

countDown(5);

Related errors

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