What is a EADDRINUSE: address already in use?

EADDRINUSE is thrown in Node.js when a server tries to bind to a port that is already occupied by another process. The operating system only allows one process to listen on a given port at a time.

Why it happens

• •A previous instance of the same server process did not exit cleanly and is still holding the port.
• •A different application (a database, another dev server, a proxy) is already listening on that port.
• •Hot-reload or watch mode restarted the process before the old TCP socket was fully released.
• •Running multiple test suites or server instances in parallel without assigning different ports.

Examples

const http = require("http");

const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
  res.end("Hello");
});

server.listen(3000, () => console.log("Listening on port 3000"));

Error: listen EADDRINUSE: address already in use :::3000
    at Server.setupListenHandle [as _listen2] (node:net:1739:16)

const http = require("http");

const PORT = process.env.PORT || 3000;

const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
  res.end("Hello");
});

server.on("error", (err) => {
  if (err.code === "EADDRINUSE") {
    console.error(`Port ${PORT} is in use. Kill the process or use a different port.`);
    process.exit(1);
  }
});

server.listen(PORT, () => console.log(`Listening on port ${PORT}`));

Related errors

• ENOENT: no such file or directory